Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock KBE was an English film
director and producer, at times referred to as "The Master of
Suspense". He pioneered many elements of the suspense and psychological
thriller genres. Some of his best-known films include; Psycho (1960), Vertigo
(1958) and North By Northwest (1959).In order to create suspense in his films, he would alternate between different shots to extend cinematic time(the crop-duster sequence in North By Northwest (1959), the shower scene in Psycho (1960)). His driving sequences were also shot in this particular way. They would typically alternate between the character's point of view while driving and a close-up shot of those inside the car from the opposite direction. This technique kept the viewer 'inside' the car and made any danger more richly felt.In a lot of films, he used to create more shadows on the walls to create suspense and tension ( the glowing milk scene in Suspicion (1941) or the ominous shadow during the opening credits to Saboteur (1942)).
Stanley Kubrick
Stanley Kubrick was an American film director, screenwriter, producer, cinematographer, editor, and photographer. He is frequently cited as one of the greatest and most influential directors in cinematic history. The Shining (1980), A Clockwork Orange (1971) and 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) are some of his most famous works. One of his signature shots was "The Glare". A character's emotional breakdown is depicted by a close-up shot of the actor with their head tilted down, but with their eyes looking up usually directly into the camera. Examples include the opening shot of Alex in A Clockwork Orange (1971), Jack slowly losing his mind in The Shining (1980), Pyle going mad in Full Metal Jacket (1987). Kubrick also often uses contrapuntal music to work against the on-screen images to create a sense of irony. In Dr Strangelove (1964), images of nuclear holocaust are accompanied by the song "We'll Meet Again" and in the final scene of Full Metal Jacket (1987) the marines sing the theme to "The Mickey Mouse Club".
Christopher Nolan
Christopher Nolan is an English-American film director, screenwriter, producer, cinematographer and editor. He is one of the highest-grossing directors in history, and among the most successful and acclaimed filmmakers of the 21st century. Some of his best-known films include; The Dark Knight Trilogy (2005-12), Inception (2010) and Memento (2000). What Nolan is probably best known for is that he doesn’t tell his stories linearly (with scenes in chronological order). He makes extensive use of flashbacks and flashforwards to add additional depth and explanation. As such, a common theme is having multiple story threads that link together. For example in Memento (2000) the opening sequence is the last scene played backwards, in The Prestige (2006), the first scene in the film is also the last one. Nolan also frequently uses crosscutting in his films. He crosscuts parallel scenes of action increase tension and build to a climax. Examples of some of his films that include crosscutting are Inception (2010) and The Dark Knight (2008).
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